{"id":1509,"date":"2020-10-04T21:28:16","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T21:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/?p=1509"},"modified":"2020-10-04T21:30:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T21:30:13","slug":"pendik-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/?p=1509","title":{"rendered":"Pendik Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7ok eski bir yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011fu bilinen Pendik\u2019in bilinen en eski ad\u0131 Pantikapaion\u2019dur. Bizans D\u00f6neminde \u201cher taraf\u0131 surlarla \u00e7evrili\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Pantecion, Latin egemenli\u011finde ise \u201cduvar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Peninda-kot ismini<\/p>\n\n\n\n

alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da bizi, Pendik\u2019in egemen olan devletlerce bir savunma hatt\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Pendik\u2019e be\u015f k\u00f6y, be\u015f burun, be\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, be\u015f bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fc de denmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TAR\u0130H \u00d6NCES\u0130 D\u00d6NEM<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih \u00d6ncesi D\u00f6nemlerin \u0130stanbul\u2019u (1) isimli makalesinde \u0130stanbul\u2019un ge\u00e7mi\u015fine ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda Mehmet \u00d6zdo\u011fan,Afrika\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kan ilk insan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce buradan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u0130stanbul; k\u0131talararas\u0131 bilgi, mal, teknoloji aktar\u0131m\u0131nda uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve renkli tarih, Anadolu\u2019nun Avrupa\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131s\u0131 konumundaki Pendik\u2019te derin izler b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f \u015eevket Aziz Kansu 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pendik\u2019te bir s\u00fcre kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Marmara B\u00f6lgesi ve Trakya\u2019da Prehistorik \u0130sk\u00e2n Tarihi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar (2)isimli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Kansu, Pendik’te Paleolitik tipte piyeslere tesad\u00fcf ettiklerini bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansu, bu b\u00f6lgede Fikirtepe kalkolitik yerle\u015fme yeri k\u00fclt\u00fcr malzemeleriyle benzerlik g\u00f6steren keramikten geometrik desenli, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kadeh, testi, k\u00fcp, kemikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f biz i\u011fne, olta, ka\u015f\u0131k, sipat\u00fcl, idol, obsidiyenden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f minik kesici, cilal\u0131 balta vb. eserler bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kansu, makalesinde bu durumu \u201cPendik Prehistorik \u0130stasyonunun \u00f6nemi, Fikirtepe k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ikinci bir yerle\u015fme yeri olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Biz bu k\u00fclt\u00fcre Marmara K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 Prehistorik K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fimdilik takabiliriz.\u201d olarak a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1961, 1981 ve 1992\u2019deki kaz\u0131lar 7000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ili\u015fkin bilgiler sunarken Marmaray kapsam\u0131nda Pendik H\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Pendik\u2019in ge\u00e7mi\u015finin 8400<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gitti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7ebelikten Yerle\u015fik D\u00fczene<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendik\u2019te Paleolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019in gezginci- avc\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n yerini, \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fe dayal\u0131 yeni bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla da u\u011fra\u015fan yeni k\u00f6ylerin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu Neolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019de (M\u00d6 6600 – 5800) toplum ya\u015fam\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde bu\u011fday ve arpa gibi tah\u0131llar, baklagiller tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin ilk \u00f6\u011feleridir. Tar\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131nda s\u0131\u011f\u0131r ve koyun gibi hayvanlar evcille\u015ftirilerek hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin ilk ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131r. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde inan\u00e7 sistemleri, ticaret ve m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkileri de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve yeni bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi do\u011farak \u00fcretimin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerle\u015fikle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yeni ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimini de etkilemi\u015f, yiyecek i\u00e7ecek haz\u0131rlamak ve bunlar\u0131 saklamak i\u00e7in kilden kap kacak yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde modern konutlar\u0131n ilk temellerini olu\u015fturan evlerin yan\u0131nda mezar izlerine de rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OSMANLI \u00d6NCES\u0130 D\u00d6NEM<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131 ile Sakarya Nehri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen ilk devletlerden biri olan Frigler\u2019in kolu Bebrikler, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Pendik\u2019e Bebrikya dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00d6 650 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen ve Bitinya ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Bitinler ise Anadolu’ya hakim olmak isteyen Perslerin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

girse de bir s\u00fcre sonra Bitinya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roma \u0130mpatorlu\u011fu, M\u00d6 85 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kalkhedon’a (Kad\u0131k\u00f6y) ayak bast\u0131ktan sonra M\u00d6 74 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pendik’in de ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu Bitinya’y\u0131 egemenlik alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Pendik, MS 255\u2019te Got \u0130stilas\u0131 sonras\u0131 di\u011fer bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k olan Perslerin Kad\u0131k\u00f6y’e yapt\u0131klar\u0131 seferlerin de u\u011frak yeri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendik’in \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019la tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 668 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ebu S\u00fcfyan komutas\u0131ndaki ordular\u0131n \u00dcsk\u00fcdar’a kadar ilerledikleri seferle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. 941\u2019de Rus \u0130stilas\u0131na u\u011frayan Pendik ve \u00e7evresi, 1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerce egemenlik alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1096 Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerinde tahrip edilen Pendik, 1204 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7iren Katolik Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n Latin Devletine ev sahipli\u011fi yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OSMANLI D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendik, ILK Defa 1328’de Aydos Kalesi’nin fethiyle T\u00fcrklerin eline Ge\u00e7er. Kalenin fethini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Kara Gazi
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdurrahman, Orhan Gazi Taraf\u0131ndan Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilme Aydos Tekfurunun k\u0131z\u0131yla evlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde do\u011fuya yap\u0131lan seferleri f\u0131rsat bilen Bizans, Pendik\u2019i birka\u00e7 defa eline ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olsa da Fatih Sultan Mehmet Han\u2019\u0131n 1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetmesiyle Pendik, kesin olarak T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m Medeniyetine ev sahipli\u011fi yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sk\u00e2n amac\u0131yla Anadolu’dan gelen T\u00fcrkler, Pendik\u2019teki Kurtk\u00f6y, Dolayoba, Y ayalar, \u015eeyhli gibi k\u00f6yleri kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

100 Y\u0131l Yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lki 1798\u2019de olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n ge\u00e7iren Pendik son olarak 1889 yang\u0131n\u0131nda 1.200 konut ve ticarethane yanarak yok olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u00e7e\u015fitli noktalar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclen yang\u0131nlarda can ve mal kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in Sultan II. Abdulhamit, orduda bir \u0130tfaiye Te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurdurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Pendik, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk planl\u0131 kasabas\u0131 olma unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td>\"Metin<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

zaryan Efendi bu plan\u0131 \u00e7izdirirken isminin ilk harfi \u201cA\u201dy\u0131 Pendik\u2019in ortas\u0131na i\u015fler. Harfin ayaklar\u0131 sahile uzanacak \u015fekilde planlan\u0131r. Belediye binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki parkta birle\u015fen Gazipa\u015fa ve \u0130smetpa\u015fa Caddeleri harfin iki aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Dr. Orhan Maltepe Caddesi ise harfin g\u00f6vdesini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CUMHUR\u0130YET D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen i\u015fgallerden Pendik de nasibine d\u00fc\u015feni alm\u0131\u015f, 5 y\u0131l boyunca Kemikli Dere Mevkii\u2019nde \u0130ngiliz Karakolunun esareti alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmetleri bulunan Pendik k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin \u00e7ok az\u0131 geri d\u00f6nebilmi\u015ftir. 1923 Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Pendik, d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerinden temizlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fcfus Hareketleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Anadolu\u2019dan olmu\u015ftur. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda n\u00fcfus 4 binken yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ikinci bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131yla 1960\u2019ta 14 bin olmu\u015f, 1970\u2019e girildi\u011finde ise 30 bini bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970\u2019lerden itibaren il\u00e7enin sayfiye yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, sahilde bulunan konaklar\u0131n ve yazl\u0131klar\u0131n yerini \u00e7ok katl\u0131 yap\u0131lar almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcbadele Y\u0131llar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1924 Temmuz\u2019unda T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesiyle Preveze, Drama ve Yanya gibi kentlerden 2 bin 200 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk, Sulh isimli bir gemiyle Pendik\u2019e gelmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcbadiller, i\u00e7lerinde devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131ndan Abd\u00fclhalik Renda ve \u0130zzettin \u00c7al\u0131\u015flar\u2019\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu bir heyet\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6nceden tespit edilen evlere g\u00f6revlilerce yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcbadillerin gelmesiyle Pendik’in demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1980\u2019de onaylanan ve \u0130stanbul\u2019daki sanayi geli\u015fimine yeni d\u00fczenleme getiren B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130stanbul Naz\u0131m Plan\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7mesiyle Pendik\u2019in 60 binlik n\u00fcfusu 1990\u2019da 235 bine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (3)
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendik 04.07.1987 tarihinde 19507 Say\u0131l\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan 3392 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la Kartal\u2019dan ayr\u0131larak m\u00fcstakil il\u00e7e olmu\u015ftur.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • (1)          Tarih \u00d6ncesi D\u00f6nemlerin \u0130stanbul\u2019u, Bizantion\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a Bir Ba\u015fkentin 8000 Y\u0131l\u0131 – SSM Sergi Katalogu<\/li>
  • (2)       Marmara B\u00f6lgesi ve Trakya\u2019da Prehistorik \u0130sk\u00e2n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Tarihi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar (1959-1962) – Belleten Cilt XXVII<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • (3)     Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yerel Y\u00f6neti\u015fimde Son          Geli\u015fmeler:            Pendik\u2019te Edinilen<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Deneyimler ve \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan Dersler Makalesi (Korel G\u00f6ymen, Beg\u00fcm \u00d6zkaynak) – Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00c7ok eski bir yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011fu bilinen Pendik\u2019in bilinen en eski ad\u0131 Pantikapaion\u2019dur. Bizans D\u00f6neminde \u201cher taraf\u0131 surlarla \u00e7evrili\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Pantecion, Latin egemenli\u011finde ise \u201cduvar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Peninda-kot ismini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da bizi, Pendik\u2019in egemen olan devletlerce bir savunma hatt\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Pendik\u2019e be\u015f k\u00f6y, be\u015f burun, be\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, be\u015f bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"zion_builder_status":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1509"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1510,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1509\/revisions\/1510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tarihcevresi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}